The mit press is a leading publisher of books and journals at the intersection of science, technology, and the arts. In this thesis i sought to determine the key contribution of the rsc in a series of six studies. To link to this page, paste this link in email, im or document. A novel role for the rat retrosplenial cortex in cognitive control andrew j. Delay fear extinction requires three critical brain struc tures. Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex lesions in rats disrupt. Trace fear conditioning is considered to be a rodent model of explicit fear because it. The retrosplenial contribution to human navigation. Pdf on the role of retrosplenial cortex in longlasting.
By virtue of its frontal and hippocampal connections, the retrosplenial cortex is uniquely placed to support cognition. Bucci department of psychological and brain sciences, dartmouth college, hanover, nh, usa. This method is a mnemonic device adopted in ancient roman and greek rhetorical treatises in the anonymous. The regions name refers to its anatomical location immediately behind the splenium of the corpus callosum in primates, although in rodents it is located more towards the brain surface and is relatively larger. Complimentary roles of the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex in behavioral context discrimination david m. Pdf retrosplenial cortex and its role in spatial cognition. Structures known to be important in memory but spared by the lesion included the hippocampus, thalamus, and basal forebrain. Spatial memory engram in the mouse retrosplenial cortex. S patial navigation, learning, and memory depend on several interconnected brain regions. The retrosplenial cortex is one of several brain areas that produces both an anterograde and retrograde amnesia when damaged. Retrosplenial cortex rsc has fallen within the scope of memory research for at least 40 years vogt, 1976 and yet as vann et al. Agerelated differences in brain activity during true and false memory retrieval. On the role of retrosplenial cortex in longlasting memory storage cynthia katche,1 guido dorman,1 carolina gonzalez,1 cecilia p.
The retrosplenial cortex rsc is one of the largest cortical areas in rodents, and is subdivided in two main regions, a29 and a30, according to their cytoarchitectural organization and connectivities. Posterior cingulate, precuneal and retrosplenial cortices. Spatial navigation requires memory representations of landmarks and other navigation cues. Complimentary roles of the hippocampus and retrosplenial.
Temporary inactivation of the retrosplenial cortex causes a transient reorganization of spatial coding in the hippocampus brenton g. Retrosplenial cortex an overview sciencedirect topics. Contributions of retrosplenial cortex to associative. The retrosplenial cortex, which is situated in a critical position in the flow of information between the hippocampal formation and the neocortex, contributes to spatial memory, but no studies have examined the distinct contribution of each area of the retrosplenial cortex to this behavior. Retrosplenial cortex rsc has fallen within the scope of memory research for at least 40 years and yet as vann et al. Highfrequency stimulation of these ensembles in the retrosplenial cortex 1 day after learning produced a recent memory with features normally observed in consolidated remote memories, including higher engagement of neocortical areas during retrieval, contextual generalization, and decreased hippocampal dependence. Corcoran, naoki yamawaki, katherine leaderbrand, and jelena radulovic. The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex. We combine human single neuron recordings from patients, in vivo and slice rodent electrophysiology, optogenetics, multiphoton imaging, and intensive development of new analytical and computational neuroscience tools. Complex cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, arise from the interaction of multiple brain regions that comprise. Pdf retrosplenial cortex is a region within the posterior neocortical system, heavily interconnected with an array of brain networks, both. Together with colleagues in experimental psychology we study the circuitry and function of genetically identified neuronal populations in the retrosplenial cortex during associative memory tasks.
The retrosplenial cortex rsc is centrally positioned between cortical sensory regions blue and limbic memory regions green. Retrosplenial cortex and its role in spatial cognition ncbi. Retrosplenial cortex has a timedependent role in memory for visual stimuli matthew y. Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of the retrosplenial cortex in spatial memory problems, including. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is anatomically positioned between limbic areas important for memory formation, such as the hippocampus hpc and the anterior thalamus, and cortical regions along the dorsal stream known to contribute importantly to longterm spatial representation, such as the posterior parietal cortex. Review article retrosplenial cortex and longterm memory. A memory gateway between the cortical default mode network and the medial temporal lobe. Both the medial diencephalon and retrosplenial cortex are vital for human episodic memory as well as spatial memory in rodents. Extensive cytotoxic lesions of the rat retrosplenial cortex reveal consistent deficits on tasks that tax allocentric spatial memory. Retrosplenial cortex is a region within the posterior neocortical system, heavily interconnected with an array of brain networks, both cortical and subcortical, that is, engaged by a myriad of. The degree of memory retention is related to the stability of the engrams, highlighting a possible mechanism for memory consolidation. The retrosplenial cortex is involved in the formation of.
Here, we used a wellestablished fear learning protocol that. What does spatial alternation tell us about retrosplenial. Temporary inactivation of the retrosplenial cortex causes. Abstractby virtue of its frontal and hippocampal connections, the retrosplenial cortex is uniquely placed to.
What is the function of the human retrosplenial cortex. Extinguishing trace fear engages the retrosplenial cortex rather than. Since the early 1990s, a growing body of evidence has implicated the rsc variously in spatial memory, navigation. Retrosplenial cortical contributions to anterograde and. The rsc is involved in a variety of cognitive tasks including memory, navigation. Intrinsic connectivity and connections with the parahippocampal region in the rat. Sparse orthogonal population representation of spatial.
The parietal lobe merges information arriving from early sensory areas, and shares connectivity with both the medial prefrontal cortex mpfc and the rsc. Alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial cortex. People with lesions involving the retrosplenial cortex also display a form of topographical disorientation whereby they can recognise and identify environmental landmarks. To examine these differences, the current study sought to determine whether the retrosplenial cortex is. Selective neuronal degeneration in the retrosplenial cortex. Spatial memory engram in the mouse retrosplenial cortex highlights d longitudinal cfos imaging reveals retrosplenial spatial memory engrams in mice d engrams become progressively more stable with learning and are maintained over weeks d the degree of memory retention is related to the stability of the engrams authors michal m. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is anatomically positioned between limbic areas important for memory formation, such as the hippocampus hpc and the anterior thalamus, and cortical regions along the dorsal stream known to contribute importantly to longterm spatial representation, such as the posterior. Report spatial memory engram in the mouse retrosplenial cortex highlights d longitudinal cfos imaging reveals retrosplenial spatial memory engrams in mice d engrams become progressively more stable with learning and are maintained over weeks d the degree of memory retention is related to the stability of the engrams authors. Effective episodic memory, navigation and future thinking all require the ability to integrate and manipulate different.
This region has the highest level of cortical glucose metabolism and cytochrome c oxidase activity. The clinical and neuroimaging literatures are surveyed in order to collate for the first time the available data on retrosplenial involvement in human navigation. Optogenetic reactivation of memory ensembles in the. Nmda receptors in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex, on the other hand, were involved in the extinction of both delay and trace associations. A novel role for the rat retrosplenial cortex in cognitive. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is a cortical area in the brain, located posteriorly towards the back and comprising brodmann areas 29 and 30. The method of loci loci being latin for places is a strategy of memory enhancement which uses visualizations of familiar spatial environments in order to enhance the recall of information. The engrams become progressively more stable with learning and are maintained over several weeks. For example, retrosplenial lesions appear to have little or no effect on standard tests of spatial alternation. The cingulate cortex includes the entire cingulate gyrus, which lies immediately above the corpus callosum, and the continuation of this in the cingulate sulcus. The key anatomical and functional relationships of the retrosplenial cortex. Although the posterior cingulate cortex pcc is considered to process both types of such memories, its functional organization is. It is now also evident that the rsc is consistently compromised in the most common neurological disorders that impair memory. Direct connections of the hippocampus with the retrosplenial.
Thus, accumulating evidence points to an important role for retrosplenial cortex in the hippocampalneocortical interplay that supports formation and retrieval of spatialepisodic memories. On the role of retrosplenial cortex in longlasting memory. Our lab works on understanding learning and memory sleepwake circuits and how they are altered in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Representations of the retrosplenial cortex rsc, hippocampal formation. We combine neuroanatomical tracing studies, optical and electrophysiological mapping of retrosplenial cortex inputs and outputs, and opto and. Mizumori department of psychology, university of utah, salt lake city, utah 84112 the ability to navigate accurately is dependent on the integration of visual and movementrelated cues. The retrosplenial cortex receives input from the subiculum and projects to the anterior thalamus, thus providing an alternative route between hippocampus and thalamus. A the retrosplenial cortex rsc is centrally positioned between cortical sensory regions blue and limbic memory. Research retrosplenial cortex is required for the retrieval of remote memory for auditory cues travis p.
The method of loci is also known as the memory journey, memory palace, or mind palace technique. About frontiers institutional membership books news frontiers social. To embed the entire object, paste this html in website. Connections of the retrosplenial cortex with the hippocampus in rats were investigated by the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase hrp. Nmda receptors in retrosplenial cortex are necessary for retrieval of recent and remote context fear memory. Cortical representations of personally familiar objects.
Nicola palomerogallagher, karl zilles, in the rat nervous system third edition, 2004. It is now also evident that the rsc is consistently. The cingulate cortex is usually considered part of the limbic lobe. To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, im or document. Retrosplenial cortex and spatial memory 10 arena with a discrete starting location, or nest site, is used.
Recent findings suggest that longterm spatial and contextual memories depend on the retrosplenial cortex rsc 1, 2, 3, 4. A critical node in this network is the posterior cingulate, precuneal, and retrosplenial cortices. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is reciprocally connected with the hippocampus and various parahippocampal cortical regions, suggesting that rsc is wellpositioned to contribute to hippocampaldependent memory. Here, we tested whether the retrosplenial cortex is required for frontal tasks analogous to the stroop test, i. Aug 15, 2017 sparse orthogonal coding is a key feature of hippocampal neural activity, which is believed to increase episodic memory capacity and to assist in navigation. The retrosplenial cortex covers the mediocaudal surface of the hemisphere and is subdivided into a granular retrosplenial area rsg and an agranular retrosplenial area rsa, although the rsa has also been described as dysgranular vogt, 1993. A wealth of research has outlined the neural circuits responsible for the consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction of standard delay fear conditioning, in which awareness is not required for learning. Retrosplenial cortical representations of space and future goal. Aggleton1 1school of psychology, cardiff university, cardiff cf10 3at, united kingdom. If a crystal of hrp was introduced into the dorsocaudal part of the retrosplenial cortex, hrplabeled cells were found in the rostral pole of hippocampal area ca3 and in the presubiculum. Retrosplenial cortex is a polymodal region that has been implicated in crossmodal integration, specifically when performance requires either the switching between or association of different types of spatial cues cooper and mizumori, 1999. Bucci1 1department of psychological and brain sciences, dartmouth college, hanover, new hampshire 03755, usa the restrosplenial cortex rsc has a wellestablished role in contextual and spatial learning. These studies suggested that a common core network that includes.
Agerelated differences in brain activity during true and. Longterm memory stored in cortex also plays an important role in support of context representations bar and aminoff, 2003. Primate retrosplenial cortex rsc is important for memory but patient neuropathologies are diffuse so its key contributions to memory remain elusive. Subjects leav e the nest site, search for food, and upon locating the food, hold it in their mouth and return directly to their starting point. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is a cortical area in the brain, located posteriorly towards the.
In the brain, memories are inextricably tied to place. Abstract 3 abstract the retrosplenial cortex rsc comprises brodmann areas 2930 and is an integral part of a brain system that is engaged by spatial navigation, scene processing, recollection of the past and imagining the future. Far less is understood about the neural circuit supporting more complex, explicit associations. Retrosplenial cortex hippocampus postrhinal cortex parietal cortex entorhinal cortex anterior dorsal thalamic nuc.
Lesions to retrosplenial cortex in humans produce profound impairments in episodic memory, and in rodents, to a variety of spatial and conditioning tasks. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is involved in a range of. The precise function of the rsc, however, remains elusive. This study provides the first causal evidence that rsc in macaque monkeys is crucial for postoperative retention of preoperatively and postoperatively acquired memories. Learning, memory, cingulate cortex, primate, hippocampal formation, thalamus, neuroimaging, default mode network, immediateearly genes. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is known to play a role in the retrieval of context memory, but its involvement in memory formation and consolidation is unclear. Retrosplenial cortex and its role in spatial cognition ucl discovery. Retrosplenial cortex rsc has fallen within the scope of mem. To better characterize the role of the rsc, we tested its involvement in the formation and retrieval of memory for trace fear conditioning, a task that. Several notable features emerge from consideration of the case reports of relatively pure topographical disorientation in the presence of a retrosplenial lesion.
The hippocampus is known to have a central role in spatial learning and memory. Alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial cortex correlates with navigation performance techeng chiu,a,b klaus gramann,a,c liwei ko,a,d jengren duann,a,e tzyyping jung,a,c andchinteng lina,b. Connections between the retrosplenial cortex and the. The cannabinoid system in the retrosplenial cortex. On the role of retrosplenial cortex in longlasting memory storage.
Pdf nmda receptors in retrosplenial cortex are necessary. The retrosplenial cortex rsc is anatomically positioned between limbic areas important for memory formation, such as the hippocampus hpc and the anterior thalamus, and cortical regions along the dorsal stream known to contribute importantly. Connections of the retrosplenial granular a cortex in the rat. The role of the amygdala, retrosplenial cortex, and medial. Retrosplenial cortex and its role in spatial cognition. Hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex in associative memory.
278 822 1509 883 749 1205 277 766 538 350 170 110 718 525 1010 1522 1218 1243 83 670 590 1211 904 403 1032 1103 818 104 16 1413 467 1249 692 487 1277 502 893 196 900 606 811 813 300 1009 1490